s free birth

free birth, noble-mindedness, frankness, openness.

* * *

* * *

* * *

cĭĕo, cīvi, cĭtum, 2 (from the primitive form cĭo, cīre, prevailing in the compounds accio, excio, etc. (cf. Prisc. pp. 865, 905, and 908 P.), are also found: pres. cio, Mart. 4, 90, 4:

cit,

Verg. Cul. 201; Col. 6, 5, 1 Schneid.:

cimus,

Lucr. 1, 213; 5, 211:

ciunt,

Lact. Ep. 4 dub.:

ciant,

App. Flor. 2, n. 17, p. 358; Mart. Cap. 1, § 91: ciuntur, id. de Mundo, 22, p. 67), v. a. [kindr. with kiô, to go; and by the addition of the causative signif. like kineô, causative from kiô; v. 1. ci.].

Lit., to put in motion; hence, to move, stir, shake (syn.: moveo, commoveo, concito, excito al.;

class. in prose and poetry): calcem,

to make a move in the game of chess, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86:

natura omnia ciens et agitans,

Cic. N. D. 3, 11, 27: inanimum est omne, quod pulsu agitatur externo;

quod autem est animal, id motu cietur interiore et suo,

id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (for which, in the same chapter, several times movere; cf. also id. N. D. 2, 9, 23):

remos,

Stat. Th. 6, 801:

imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo,

stirs up, Verg. A. 2, 419:

puppes sinistrorsum citae,

Hor. Epod. 9, 20.—

In judic. lang. t. t.:

ciere erctum (lit. to put in motion, i. e.),

to divide the inheritance, Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; cf. erctum.—

Trop., to put in motion, to rouse up, disturb: natura maris per se immobilis est, et venti et aurae cient, Liv. 28, 27, 11:

saltum canibus ciere,

Lucr. 5, 1250: fontes et stagna, Cic. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15:

tonitru caelum omne ciebo,

Verg. A. 4, 122:

loca sonitu cientur,

Lucr. 4, 608; cf.:

reboat raucum regio cita barbara bombum,

id. 4, 544 Lachm. N. cr. —

With reference to the terminus ad quem, to move, excite, or call to ( poet. or in Aug. and post-Aug. prose for the common accire):

ad sese aliquem,

Cat. 68, 88:

ad arma,

Liv. 5, 47, 4; Sil. 7, 43:

in pugnam,

id. 4, 272:

armatos ad pugnam,

Vell. 2, 6, 6:

aere ciere viros,

Verg. A. 6, 165:

quos e proximis coloniis ejus rei fama civerat,

Tac. A. 15, 33:

aliquem in aliquem,

id. H. 1, 84, 5:

ab ultimis subsidiis cietur miles (sc. in primam aciem),

Liv. 9, 39, 8:

ille cieri Narcissum postulat,

Tac. A. 11, 30.—

To call upon for help, to invoke; of invoking superior beings:

nocturnos manes,

Verg. A. 4, 490:

luctificam Alecto dirarum ab sede sororum,

id. ib. 7, 325:

vipereasque ciet Stygiā de valle sorores (i. e. Furias),

Ov. M. 6, 662:

numina nota ciens,

Val. Fl. 4, 549:

foedera et deos,

Liv. 22, 14, 7.—

In gen., to call upon any one by name, to mention by name:

erum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 11:

comites magnā voce,

Lucr. 4, 578:

animamque sepulcro Condimus et magnā supremum voce ciemus,

Verg. A. 3, 68:

lamentatione flebili majores suos ciens ipsumque Pompeium,

Tac. A. 3, 23:

singulos nomine,

id. ib. 2, 81; so Suet. Ner. 46: triumphum nomine ciere, i. e. to call Io triumphe! Liv. 45, 38, 12.—Hence,

In a civil sense: patrem, to name one ' s father, i. e. show one ' s free birth, Liv. 10, 8, 10.—

To put any course of action in progress or any passion in motion, i. e. to excite, stimulate, rouse, to produce, effect, cause, occasion, begin (very freq., esp. in poetry):

solis uti varios cursus lunaeque meatus Noscere possemus quae vis et causa cierent,

Lucr. 5, 773:

motus,

id. 3, 379; Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

varias voces,

Lucr. 5, 1059:

lamenta virum commoliri atque ciere,

id. 6, 242 Lachm. N. cr.:

tinnitus aere,

Cat. 64, 262; Verg. G. 4, 64 (cie tinnitus):

singultus ore,

Cat. 64, 131:

gemitus,

Verg. G. 3, 517:

fletus,

id. A. 3, 344:

lacrimas,

id. ib. 6, 468:

mugitus,

id. ib. 12, 103:

murmur,

id. G. 1, 110; Liv. 9, 7, 3:

bellum,

id. 5, 37, 2; Vell. 2, 54; Tac. H. 3, 41 fin.; Verg. A. 1, 541:

belli simulacra,

id. ib. 5, 674:

seditiones,

Liv. 4, 52, 2:

tumultum,

id. 28, 17, 16; 41, 24, 18:

vires intimas molemque belli,

Tac. A. 15, 2 fin.; cf. id. H. 3, 1:

pugnam,

Liv. 1, 12, 2; 2, 47, 1; 9, 22, 7; Tac. A. 3, 41:

proelium,

Liv. 2, 19, 10; 4, 33, 3; 7, 33, 12;

10, 28, 8: Martem,

Verg. A. 9, 766:

acies, stragem,

id. ib. 6, 829; cf. Liv. 22, 39, 7:

rixam,

Vell. 1, 2 al. —

In medic.:

alvum,

to cause evacuation, Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96:

urinam,

id. 27, 7, 28, § 48:

menses,

to cause menstruation, id. 26, 15, 90, § 151 sq. al.—Hence, cĭtus, a, um, P. a., lit. put in motion; hence, quick, swift, rapid (opp. tardus, Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216; Sall. C. 15, 5; class.; esp. freq. in poetry;

rare in Cic.): ad scribendum citus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 86:

quod jubeat citis quadrigis citius properet persequi,

id. Aul. 4, 1, 14; Verg. A. 8, 642:

bigae,

Cat. 55, 26:

puppis,

id. 64, 6; Tib. 4, 1, 69:

classis,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 24:

navis,

Ov. M. 15, 732; Tac. A. 2, 6:

axis,

Ov. M. 2, 75:

fugae,

id. ib. 1, 543:

plantae,

id. ib. 10, 591:

incessus,

Sall. C. 15, 5:

via,

Liv. 33, 48, 1:

venator,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 18:

cum militibus,

Tac. A. 11, 1:

legionibus,

id. ib. 14, 26:

agmine,

id. ib. 1, 63;

4, 25: cohortes,

id. ib. 12, 31:

mors,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 29; id. S. 1, 1, 8:

pes, i. e. iambus,

id. A. P. 252.— Comp.: nullam ego rem citiorem apud homines esse quam famam reor, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Val. Max. 3, 8, ext. 1.— Sup., Quint. 6, 4, 14 dub.; v. Spald. and Zumpt in h. l.—

In the poets very freq. (also a few times in Tac.) instead of the adv. cito:

citi ad aedis venimus Circae, Liv. And. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352, 6 Müll.: equites parent citi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 88; id. Stich. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 386:

somnus fugiens citus abiit,

Cat. 63, 42: solvite vela citi, Verg, A. 4, 574; cf. id. ib. 9, 37; 12, 425; Hor. S. 1, 10, 92; cf. id. C. 3, 7, 27:

ite citi,

Ov. M. 3, 562; Tac. H. 2, 40:

si citi advenissent,

id. A. 12, 12.—Hence,

cĭto, adv.

Quickly, speedily, soon (freq. in prose and poetry of all periods):

quam tarda es! non vis citius progredi?

Phaedr. 3, 6, 2; [p. 331] Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 44:

eloquere,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 83:

abi cito et suspende te,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 20; 3, 1, 16:

labascit victus uno verbo: quam cito!

id. Eun. 1, 2, 98:

quod eum negasti, qui non cito quid didicisset, umquam omnino posse perdiscere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 36, 146; cf. Hor. A. P. 335; Quint. 12, 8, 3; 11, 2, 2; 10, 6, 2:

non multum praestant sed cito,

id. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: sat cito si sat bene, a moral saying of Cato in Hier. Ep. 66, n. 9:

cito rumpes arcum, semper si tensum habueris,

Phaedr. 3, 14, 10:

ad paenitendum properat cito qui judicat, Publ. Syr. Sent. 6: scribere,

Quint. 10, 3, 10:

nimis cito diligere,

Cic. Lael. 21, 78:

cito absolvere, tarde condemnare,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26.— Comp.:

citius,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 14; Pers. 3, 3, 31; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 23; Lucr. 1, 557; 2, 34; Cic. Sen. 2, 4:

Noto citius, Verg.A.5, 242 et saep.: dicto,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 80; Verg. A. 1, 142:

supremā die, i. e. ante supremam diem,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 20:

serius aut citius sedem properamus ad unam (for which serius ocius,

id. ib. 2, 3, 26), sooner or later, Ov. M. 10, 33.— Sup.:

citissime,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. al.—

With the negative, sometimes equivalent to non facile, not easily (cf. the Gr. tacha):

haud cito,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89:

neque verbis aptiorem cito alium dixerim, neque sententiis crebriorem,

Cic. Brut. 76, 264: quem tu non tam cito rhetorem dixisses quam politikon, id. ib. § 265.—

Sometimes in comp. without the negative, = potius, sooner, rather:

ut citius diceres, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238 fin.:

citius dixerim, jactasse se aliquos, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 11, 25; id. Fam. 5, 2, 10; id. Off. 1, 18, 59; Hor. S. 2, 5, 35.—

cĭtē, quickly, Scrib. Comp. 198.

nātālis, e, adj. [natus, nascor], of or belonging to one's birth, birth-, natal:

hunc emortualem facere ex natali die,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 139:

nunc huic lenonist hodie natalis dies,

id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

natali die tuo scripsisti epistulam ad me,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1; cf.:

quem ego diem vere natalem hujus urbis aut certe salutarem appellare possum,

Cic. Fl. 40, 102:

natalis dies reditūs mei,

id. Att. 3, 20, 1:

scit genius natale comes qui, temperat astrum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 187:

tempus,

Ov. F. 6, 797:

lux,

id. Ib. 219:

hora,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 19: humus. Ov. P. 2, 9, 78:

domus,

Val. Fl. 3, 321:

sterilitas,

native, Col. 3, 7: so,

natale decus,

Val. Fl. 6, 61.—

Subst.: nātālis, is (abl. natali;

rarely natale,

Luc. 7, 391; Inscr. Orell. 775; 2534; al. cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 228 sq.), m. (sc. dies).

Lit., a birthday:

ad urbem (veni) tertio Non. natali meo,

Cic. Att. 7, 5, 3:

natales grate numeras?

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 210:

meus est natalis,

Verg. E. 3, 76:

sex mihi natales ierant,

Ov. H. 15, 61:

Brutorum et Cassi natalibus,

Juv. 5, 37:

debemus mehercule natales tuos perinde ac nostros celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 30, 1. On this day it was customary to make offerings, the men to their Genius, and the women to Juno, and to make presents to each other, Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 2; 5, 5, 1; Mart. 8, 64, 14.—

Transf., any anniversary, a commemorative festival.—Of the day of the foundation of Rome:

natali Urbis DCXXXII.,

Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 55.—(In eccl. Lat.) Of a martyr's death: dies in quo, lege functi carneā, in superna regna nascuntur Dei. Paul. Nol. Carm. 21, 171 sq. So of other anniversaries, Paul. Nol. Ep. 20, 3; Aug Serm. 15 de Sanct. init.; id. Serm. 310 in lemm. — Poet.:

natalem alicui eripere,

to prevent one's being born, Luc. 7, 390.—

In plur.: nātāles, ĭum, m., birth, origin, lineage, extraction, descent, family (postAug.):

natalium periti,

the casters of nativities, Sen. Q. N. 2, 32, 7:

Cornelius Fuscus claris natalibus,

of distinguished birth, Tac. H. 2, 86; cf.:

natalium claritas,

id. ib. 1, 49:

mulier natalibus clara,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 8:

quid, Catilina, tuis natalibus atque Cethegi Inveniet quisquam sublimius?

Juv. 8, 231:

dedecus natalium velare,

Tac. A. 11, 21: natalibus suis restitui or reddi, to be restored to one's birthright, i. e. to be [p. 1189] freed from slavery (because all men were regarded as originally free), Dig. 40, 11, 2:

libertus natalibus redditus,

ib. 38, 2, 3:

de restituendis natalibus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 73 (78). —

Transf., of things, birth, origin:

adamanti pallor argenti, et in auro non nisi excellentissimo natales,

i. e. is produced only in gold-mines, Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56:

arborum,

the seed, id. 17, 10, 14, § 73:

natales impatientiae,

Tert. Pat. 5:

a Pentateucho natales agnitionis supputabuntur,

id. adv. Marc. 1, 10.—

nātāle, is, n.:

et Musis natale in nemore Heliconis adsignant,

the place of birth, Plin. 4, 7, 12, § 25.

Nātālis, is, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Antonius Natalis, Tac. A. 15, 50, 54 sq.; 71.

nātālis, e, adj. [natus, nascor], of or belonging to one's birth, birth-, natal:

hunc emortualem facere ex natali die,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 139:

nunc huic lenonist hodie natalis dies,

id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

natali die tuo scripsisti epistulam ad me,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1; cf.:

quem ego diem vere natalem hujus urbis aut certe salutarem appellare possum,

Cic. Fl. 40, 102:

natalis dies reditūs mei,

id. Att. 3, 20, 1:

scit genius natale comes qui, temperat astrum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 187:

tempus,

Ov. F. 6, 797:

lux,

id. Ib. 219:

hora,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 19: humus. Ov. P. 2, 9, 78:

domus,

Val. Fl. 3, 321:

sterilitas,

native, Col. 3, 7: so,

natale decus,

Val. Fl. 6, 61.—

Subst.: nātālis, is (abl. natali;

rarely natale,

Luc. 7, 391; Inscr. Orell. 775; 2534; al. cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 228 sq.), m. (sc. dies).

Lit., a birthday:

ad urbem (veni) tertio Non. natali meo,

Cic. Att. 7, 5, 3:

natales grate numeras?

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 210:

meus est natalis,

Verg. E. 3, 76:

sex mihi natales ierant,

Ov. H. 15, 61:

Brutorum et Cassi natalibus,

Juv. 5, 37:

debemus mehercule natales tuos perinde ac nostros celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 30, 1. On this day it was customary to make offerings, the men to their Genius, and the women to Juno, and to make presents to each other, Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 2; 5, 5, 1; Mart. 8, 64, 14.—

Transf., any anniversary, a commemorative festival.—Of the day of the foundation of Rome:

natali Urbis DCXXXII.,

Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 55.—(In eccl. Lat.) Of a martyr's death: dies in quo, lege functi carneā, in superna regna nascuntur Dei. Paul. Nol. Carm. 21, 171 sq. So of other anniversaries, Paul. Nol. Ep. 20, 3; Aug Serm. 15 de Sanct. init.; id. Serm. 310 in lemm. — Poet.:

natalem alicui eripere,

to prevent one's being born, Luc. 7, 390.—

In plur.: nātāles, ĭum, m., birth, origin, lineage, extraction, descent, family (postAug.):

natalium periti,

the casters of nativities, Sen. Q. N. 2, 32, 7:

Cornelius Fuscus claris natalibus,

of distinguished birth, Tac. H. 2, 86; cf.:

natalium claritas,

id. ib. 1, 49:

mulier natalibus clara,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 8:

quid, Catilina, tuis natalibus atque Cethegi Inveniet quisquam sublimius?

Juv. 8, 231:

dedecus natalium velare,

Tac. A. 11, 21: natalibus suis restitui or reddi, to be restored to one's birthright, i. e. to be [p. 1189] freed from slavery (because all men were regarded as originally free), Dig. 40, 11, 2:

libertus natalibus redditus,

ib. 38, 2, 3:

de restituendis natalibus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 73 (78). —

Transf., of things, birth, origin:

adamanti pallor argenti, et in auro non nisi excellentissimo natales,

i. e. is produced only in gold-mines, Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56:

arborum,

the seed, id. 17, 10, 14, § 73:

natales impatientiae,

Tert. Pat. 5:

a Pentateucho natales agnitionis supputabuntur,

id. adv. Marc. 1, 10.—

nātāle, is, n.:

et Musis natale in nemore Heliconis adsignant,

the place of birth, Plin. 4, 7, 12, § 25.

Nātālis, is, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Antonius Natalis, Tac. A. 15, 50, 54 sq.; 71.

nātālis, e, adj. [natus, nascor], of or belonging to one's birth, birth-, natal:

hunc emortualem facere ex natali die,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 139:

nunc huic lenonist hodie natalis dies,

id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

natali die tuo scripsisti epistulam ad me,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1; cf.:

quem ego diem vere natalem hujus urbis aut certe salutarem appellare possum,

Cic. Fl. 40, 102:

natalis dies reditūs mei,

id. Att. 3, 20, 1:

scit genius natale comes qui, temperat astrum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 187:

tempus,

Ov. F. 6, 797:

lux,

id. Ib. 219:

hora,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 19: humus. Ov. P. 2, 9, 78:

domus,

Val. Fl. 3, 321:

sterilitas,

native, Col. 3, 7: so,

natale decus,

Val. Fl. 6, 61.—

Subst.: nātālis, is (abl. natali;

rarely natale,

Luc. 7, 391; Inscr. Orell. 775; 2534; al. cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 228 sq.), m. (sc. dies).

Lit., a birthday:

ad urbem (veni) tertio Non. natali meo,

Cic. Att. 7, 5, 3:

natales grate numeras?

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 210:

meus est natalis,

Verg. E. 3, 76:

sex mihi natales ierant,

Ov. H. 15, 61:

Brutorum et Cassi natalibus,

Juv. 5, 37:

debemus mehercule natales tuos perinde ac nostros celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 30, 1. On this day it was customary to make offerings, the men to their Genius, and the women to Juno, and to make presents to each other, Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 2; 5, 5, 1; Mart. 8, 64, 14.—

Transf., any anniversary, a commemorative festival.—Of the day of the foundation of Rome:

natali Urbis DCXXXII.,

Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 55.—(In eccl. Lat.) Of a martyr's death: dies in quo, lege functi carneā, in superna regna nascuntur Dei. Paul. Nol. Carm. 21, 171 sq. So of other anniversaries, Paul. Nol. Ep. 20, 3; Aug Serm. 15 de Sanct. init.; id. Serm. 310 in lemm. — Poet.:

natalem alicui eripere,

to prevent one's being born, Luc. 7, 390.—

In plur.: nātāles, ĭum, m., birth, origin, lineage, extraction, descent, family (postAug.):

natalium periti,

the casters of nativities, Sen. Q. N. 2, 32, 7:

Cornelius Fuscus claris natalibus,

of distinguished birth, Tac. H. 2, 86; cf.:

natalium claritas,

id. ib. 1, 49:

mulier natalibus clara,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 8:

quid, Catilina, tuis natalibus atque Cethegi Inveniet quisquam sublimius?

Juv. 8, 231:

dedecus natalium velare,

Tac. A. 11, 21: natalibus suis restitui or reddi, to be restored to one's birthright, i. e. to be [p. 1189] freed from slavery (because all men were regarded as originally free), Dig. 40, 11, 2:

libertus natalibus redditus,

ib. 38, 2, 3:

de restituendis natalibus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 73 (78). —

Transf., of things, birth, origin:

adamanti pallor argenti, et in auro non nisi excellentissimo natales,

i. e. is produced only in gold-mines, Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56:

arborum,

the seed, id. 17, 10, 14, § 73:

natales impatientiae,

Tert. Pat. 5:

a Pentateucho natales agnitionis supputabuntur,

id. adv. Marc. 1, 10.—

nātāle, is, n.:

et Musis natale in nemore Heliconis adsignant,

the place of birth, Plin. 4, 7, 12, § 25.

Nātālis, is, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Antonius Natalis, Tac. A. 15, 50, 54 sq.; 71.

nātālis, e, adj. [natus, nascor], of or belonging to one's birth, birth-, natal:

hunc emortualem facere ex natali die,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 139:

nunc huic lenonist hodie natalis dies,

id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

natali die tuo scripsisti epistulam ad me,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1; cf.:

quem ego diem vere natalem hujus urbis aut certe salutarem appellare possum,

Cic. Fl. 40, 102:

natalis dies reditūs mei,

id. Att. 3, 20, 1:

scit genius natale comes qui, temperat astrum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 187:

tempus,

Ov. F. 6, 797:

lux,

id. Ib. 219:

hora,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 19: humus. Ov. P. 2, 9, 78:

domus,

Val. Fl. 3, 321:

sterilitas,

native, Col. 3, 7: so,

natale decus,

Val. Fl. 6, 61.—

Subst.: nātālis, is (abl. natali;

rarely natale,

Luc. 7, 391; Inscr. Orell. 775; 2534; al. cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 228 sq.), m. (sc. dies).

Lit., a birthday:

ad urbem (veni) tertio Non. natali meo,

Cic. Att. 7, 5, 3:

natales grate numeras?

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 210:

meus est natalis,

Verg. E. 3, 76:

sex mihi natales ierant,

Ov. H. 15, 61:

Brutorum et Cassi natalibus,

Juv. 5, 37:

debemus mehercule natales tuos perinde ac nostros celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 30, 1. On this day it was customary to make offerings, the men to their Genius, and the women to Juno, and to make presents to each other, Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 2; 5, 5, 1; Mart. 8, 64, 14.—

Transf., any anniversary, a commemorative festival.—Of the day of the foundation of Rome:

natali Urbis DCXXXII.,

Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 55.—(In eccl. Lat.) Of a martyr's death: dies in quo, lege functi carneā, in superna regna nascuntur Dei. Paul. Nol. Carm. 21, 171 sq. So of other anniversaries, Paul. Nol. Ep. 20, 3; Aug Serm. 15 de Sanct. init.; id. Serm. 310 in lemm. — Poet.:

natalem alicui eripere,

to prevent one's being born, Luc. 7, 390.—

In plur.: nātāles, ĭum, m., birth, origin, lineage, extraction, descent, family (postAug.):

natalium periti,

the casters of nativities, Sen. Q. N. 2, 32, 7:

Cornelius Fuscus claris natalibus,

of distinguished birth, Tac. H. 2, 86; cf.:

natalium claritas,

id. ib. 1, 49:

mulier natalibus clara,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 8:

quid, Catilina, tuis natalibus atque Cethegi Inveniet quisquam sublimius?

Juv. 8, 231:

dedecus natalium velare,

Tac. A. 11, 21: natalibus suis restitui or reddi, to be restored to one's birthright, i. e. to be [p. 1189] freed from slavery (because all men were regarded as originally free), Dig. 40, 11, 2:

libertus natalibus redditus,

ib. 38, 2, 3:

de restituendis natalibus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 73 (78). —

Transf., of things, birth, origin:

adamanti pallor argenti, et in auro non nisi excellentissimo natales,

i. e. is produced only in gold-mines, Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56:

arborum,

the seed, id. 17, 10, 14, § 73:

natales impatientiae,

Tert. Pat. 5:

a Pentateucho natales agnitionis supputabuntur,

id. adv. Marc. 1, 10.—

nātāle, is, n.:

et Musis natale in nemore Heliconis adsignant,

the place of birth, Plin. 4, 7, 12, § 25.

Nātālis, is, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Antonius Natalis, Tac. A. 15, 50, 54 sq.; 71.

ingĕnŭus, a, um, adj. [ingeno, ingigno].

Native, indigenous, not foreign.

Lit.:

fontes,

Lucr. 1, 230:

tophus,

produced in the country, Juv. 3, 20.—

Transf., inborn, innate, natural:

inest in hoc amussitata sua sibi ingenua indoles,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 38:

color,

natural color, Prop. 1, 4, 13. —

Free-born, born of free parents.

In gen.: ingenuus homo meant formerly one born of a certain or known father, who can cite his father:

en unquam fando audistis patricios primo esse factos, non de caelo demissos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, id est nihil ultra quam ingenuos,

Liv. 10, 8, 10:

ingenui clarique parentes,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 91; 1, 6, 8.—Esp., subst.: ingĕnŭus, i, m., and ingĕnŭa, ae, f., a free-born man or woman: ingenui sunt qui liberi nati sunt;

libertini, qui ex justa servitute manumissi sunt,

Gai. Inst. 1, 11:

tutela liberantur ingenuae, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 194;

but this word differs from liber, inasmuch as the latter signifies also a freedman,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 15:

ingenuamne an libertinam,

id. ib. 3, 1, 189:

omnis ingenuorum adest multitudo,

Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15: Patricios Cincius ait appellari solitos, qui nunc ingenui vocentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 241 Müll.: libertinos ab ingenuis adoptari posse, Masur. ap. Gell. 5, 19, 11.—

In partic.

Worthy of a freeman, noble, upright, frank, candid, ingenuous (syn. liberalis):

nihil apparet in eo ingenuum,

Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28; id. Off. 1, 42:

timiditas,

id. de Or. 2, 3:

dolor,

id. Phil. 10, 9, 18:

vita,

id. Fam. 5, 21, 3: est animi ingenui (with inf.), id. ib. 2, 6, 2:

ingenuis studiis atque artibus delectari,

id. Fin. 5, 18, 48:

(with humanae) artes,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 21:

ingenui vultus puer ingenuique pudoris,

Juv. 11, 154:

amor,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 16:

per gemitus nostros ingenuasque cruces,

and by such sufferings on the part of a freeman as belong only to slaves, Mart. 10, 82, 6:

fastidium,

Cic. Brut. 67:

aperte odisse magis ingenui est, quam, etc.,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

astuta ingenuum vulpes imitata leonem,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 186.—

Weakly, delicate, tender (free-born persons being less inured to hardships than slaves; poet.):

invalidae vires, ingenuaeque mihi,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 72:

gula,

Mart. 10, 82, 6.—Hence, adv.: ingĕnŭē, in a manner befitting a person of free or noble birth, liberally; openly, frankly, ingenuously:

educatus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 38:

aperte atque ingenue confiteri,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 2; id. Att. 13, 27, 1:

pro suis dicere,

Quint. 12, 3, 3.

ingĕnŭus, a, um, adj. [ingeno, ingigno].

Native, indigenous, not foreign.

Lit.:

fontes,

Lucr. 1, 230:

tophus,

produced in the country, Juv. 3, 20.—

Transf., inborn, innate, natural:

inest in hoc amussitata sua sibi ingenua indoles,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 38:

color,

natural color, Prop. 1, 4, 13. —

Free-born, born of free parents.

In gen.: ingenuus homo meant formerly one born of a certain or known father, who can cite his father:

en unquam fando audistis patricios primo esse factos, non de caelo demissos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, id est nihil ultra quam ingenuos,

Liv. 10, 8, 10:

ingenui clarique parentes,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 91; 1, 6, 8.—Esp., subst.: ingĕnŭus, i, m., and ingĕnŭa, ae, f., a free-born man or woman: ingenui sunt qui liberi nati sunt;

libertini, qui ex justa servitute manumissi sunt,

Gai. Inst. 1, 11:

tutela liberantur ingenuae, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 194;

but this word differs from liber, inasmuch as the latter signifies also a freedman,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 15:

ingenuamne an libertinam,

id. ib. 3, 1, 189:

omnis ingenuorum adest multitudo,

Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15: Patricios Cincius ait appellari solitos, qui nunc ingenui vocentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 241 Müll.: libertinos ab ingenuis adoptari posse, Masur. ap. Gell. 5, 19, 11.—

In partic.

Worthy of a freeman, noble, upright, frank, candid, ingenuous (syn. liberalis):

nihil apparet in eo ingenuum,

Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28; id. Off. 1, 42:

timiditas,

id. de Or. 2, 3:

dolor,

id. Phil. 10, 9, 18:

vita,

id. Fam. 5, 21, 3: est animi ingenui (with inf.), id. ib. 2, 6, 2:

ingenuis studiis atque artibus delectari,

id. Fin. 5, 18, 48:

(with humanae) artes,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 21:

ingenui vultus puer ingenuique pudoris,

Juv. 11, 154:

amor,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 16:

per gemitus nostros ingenuasque cruces,

and by such sufferings on the part of a freeman as belong only to slaves, Mart. 10, 82, 6:

fastidium,

Cic. Brut. 67:

aperte odisse magis ingenui est, quam, etc.,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

astuta ingenuum vulpes imitata leonem,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 186.—

Weakly, delicate, tender (free-born persons being less inured to hardships than slaves; poet.):

invalidae vires, ingenuaeque mihi,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 72:

gula,

Mart. 10, 82, 6.—Hence, adv.: ingĕnŭē, in a manner befitting a person of free or noble birth, liberally; openly, frankly, ingenuously:

educatus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 38:

aperte atque ingenue confiteri,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 2; id. Att. 13, 27, 1:

pro suis dicere,

Quint. 12, 3, 3.

ingĕnŭĭtas, ātis, f. [id.].

The condition of a free-born man or gentleman, good birth:

ornamenta ingenuitatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 113:

assertus in ingenuitatem,

Suet. Aug. 74; Tac. Or. 32.—

Trop., a mode of thinking worthy of a freeman, noble-mindedness, frankness, ingenuousness, noble demeanor:

prae se probitatem quandam et ingenuitatem ferre,

Cic. Ac. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 66:

praestare ingenuitatem et ruborem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 242.